The gaps in coverage of effective interventions, for both direct and indirect causes of deaths, according to their distribution in various settings have large implications in view of the urgent need to accelerate the rate of decrease in maternal mortality to reach the MDG5 target and further to end all preventable maternal deaths. Addressing the factors contributing to maternal mortality will translate into reductions in maternal morbidity that can have important short-term and long-term implications for the health of mothers and babies. Cardiac disease is the most common cause of indirect death. Obstetric infections, including complications following abortion or infections following caesarean section, are the third most common cause of maternal mortality. Deaths because of haemorrhage, the second most common cause of maternal mortality, have also dropped by 22% since 2011, the most recent audit shows. Most maternal death reviews in Nigeria are isolated research based reports from a single health facility. Thus we provide for the first time an evidence-based estimation of the proportion of maternal deaths due to antepartum haemorrhage. Download : Download high-res image (633KB) Download : Download full-size image; Figure 2. Nigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. Five WHO staff members (LS, DC, ÖT, AMG, and MT) are part of the team that did the study. Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X, Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis, http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/maternal.shtml, http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Data/RegionalGroupings.htm, View Large Severe bleeding after birth can kill a healthy woman within hours if she is unattended. Magnesium sulphate versus lytic cocktail for eclampsia. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Women in the United States are more than four times as likely to die due to complications from childbirth than women in comparable countries. It is particularly important that all births are attended by skilled health professionals, as timely management and treatment can make the difference between life and death for the mother as well as for the baby. Additionally, four other sub-regions roughly halved their MMRs during this period: Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Europe and Northern Africa. The major complications that account for nearly 75% of all maternal deaths are (4): The remainder are caused by or associated with infections such as malaria or related to chronic conditions like cardiac diseases or diabetes. LS, OT, DC, and LA prepared the manuscript and supplementary material. LA developed the statistical model and did the statistical analysis. A woman’s lifetime risk of maternal death is the probability that a 15 year old woman will eventually die from a maternal cause. If we look at long-term trends in maternal mortality – the likelihood a woman will die from pregnancy-related causes – we see that every 100th to 200th birth led to the mother’s death.. In such settings, many newborns with asphyxia or infection can also be saved. Maternal mortality (MM) is one of the major health issues in Nepal. Hepatitis E was the most common cause of liver disease in pregnant women in western India with significant maternal mortality, predicted by high MELD score. The most common causes of pregnancy-related deaths were cardiovascular conditions, like congenital heart disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiac valvular disease, hypertensive heart disease, and congestive heart failure, which accounted for 15.3% of all pregnancy-related deaths. NVSS uses two pieces of information on the death record to identify maternal deaths — the pregnancy checkbox and the certified recording of the cause of death to assign maternal mortality ICD-10 codes. Louisiana Hospitals Reduce Causes Of Maternal Mortality, But Black Women Remain At Higher Risk . Most common infection responsible for spontaneous abortion: The shortest diammeterin fetal head is - A 26 year old pregnant woman has been detected to have murmur in mitral area. See Infant mortality, Neonatal mortality, Operative mortality, Post-neonatal mortality, Proportionate mortality. Obstetric haemorrhage, especially post-partum haemorrhage, as a cause of maternal death was most common in level 1 hospitals (small hospitals staffed by doctors but without any full-time obstetric specialists) or clinics where there are no doctors. 2016 Nov;35(6):450-458. doi: 10.1007/s12664-016-0704-6. In 1996, the Nepal Family Health Survey estimated maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to be 539 per 100,000 live births, which was the highest among the South-Asian countries at that time. The most common cause of death is hemorrhage, followed by eclampsia and sepsis. The data are presented at the State, County and Accountable Communities of Health (ACH) levels and represent all deaths to Washington State residents regardless of where they occurred. Cardiac disease is the most common cause of indirect death. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular and coronary conditions 16%. We developed and analysed global, regional, and subregional estimates of the causes of maternal death during 2003-09, with a novel method, updating the previous WHO systematic review. examined pregnancy-related deaths in the United States from 2011 to 2015, and also reviewed more detailed data from 2013 to 2017 provided by maternal mortality … In 2018, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 5.7 deaths per 1,000 live births. This study determined causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality in Ogun statefollowing a periodic State-widematernal and perinatal deaths surveillance and response (MPDSR) review. The infections of pregnancy are usually due to surgical interventions of pregnancy such as cesarean section or retained placenta. Maternal mortality is unacceptably high. Magnesium sulphate versus diazepam for eclampsia. As defined in the Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality Strategy (6), WHO is working with partners in supporting countries towards: (1) Trends in maternal mortality: 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. ensuring accountability in order to improve quality of care and equity. Infection after childbirth can be eliminated if good hygiene is practiced and if early signs of infection are recognized and treated in a timely manner. Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. addressing inequalities in access to and quality of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care services; ensuring universal health coverage for comprehensive reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care; addressing all causes of maternal mortality, reproductive and maternal morbidities, and related disabilities; strengthening health systems to collect high quality data in order to respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls; and. While the exact causes of this are unknown, several risk factors for the disease have been identified. Transmission(Pneumonia) Pneumonia can be spread in a number of ways. All women need access to high quality care in pregnancy, and during and after childbirth. MB), Help with The high reported incidence of injuries and violence as causes of maternal mortality indicate social issues that must also be addressed to improve maternal health in Bangladesh. International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Related Pages. Reprod Health 2015;12 Suppl 2:S8. The death of a woman during pregnancy, at delivery, or soon after delivery is a tragedy for her family and for society as a whole. Many of these are sadly common in developing countries and especially prevalent for women in rural areas, with medical care often unaffordable and/or only accessible by covering significant distance. When a woman dies from anything having to do with pregnancy, it is called maternal mortality or maternal death. Sadly, about 700 women die each year in the United States as a result of pregnancy or delivery complications. Saving mothers' lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003–2005. Injecting oxytocics immediately after childbirth effectively reduces the risk of bleeding. The United States has a much higher rate of maternal mortality than comparable countries. Moving beyond essential interventions for reduction of maternal mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health): a cross-sectional study. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo, and later into a fetus. The most common disease is cardiovascular . All women need access to high quality care in pregnancy, and during and after childbirth. This study determined causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality in Ogun statefollowing a periodic State-widematernal and perinatal deaths surveillance and response (MPDSR) review. Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia accounted for approximately 86% (254 000) of the estimated global maternal deaths in 2017. Tatiana Vdb / Flickr. 94% of all maternal deaths occur in low and lower middle-income countries. At a global level, 7 of the 10 leading causes of deaths in 2019 were noncommunicable diseases. Abstract. Despite these risk factors, the underlying causes of premature infant death are often unknown and approximately 65% of all cases are not associated with any known risk factor. A-BM did the literature search and prepared the vital registration data. 8% of global deaths. Causes of death can be grouped into three categories: communicable (infectious and parasitic diseases and maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions), noncommunicable (chronic) and injuries. BJOG 2014;121 Suppl 1:40–8. More troublingly, the United States is a place where having a baby means risking your own life, as our Maternal Mortality Rate is the highest in the developed world.. (1). Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study. The viruses and bacteria that are commonly found in a child's nose or throat, can infect the lungs if they are inhaled. During that year, MiP was estimated to have been responsible for more than 400,000 cases of maternal anemia and approximately 15% of maternal deaths globally. However, fewer than half of all births in several low income and lower-middle-income countries are assisted by such skilled health personnel (5). Share Share Tweet Email Comment. Poverty, both on an individual and societal level, leads to higher maternal mortality. WHO/UNICEF joint database on SDG 3.1.2 Skilled Attendance at Birth. AS the role of these two conditions in maternal mortality is little documented in our country, we conducted this study to assess the role of abortions and ectopic pregnancies in maternal mortality rate in Cameroon. Maternal mortality rate is high in Cameroon, estimated at 782 per 100.000 live births according to EDS-MICS 2011. Improving maternal health is one of WHO’s key priorities. The indirect maternal mortality rate has not changed significantly since 2003; it is 6.11 per 100,000 maternities. What Is Maternal Mortality? They may also … The large proportion of deaths attributed to indirect causes cannot be ignored. As a result, fluid-filled sacs, or cysts, can develop within the ovaries. Nigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. All five of the major direct causes of maternal death – haemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders and obstructed labour – can be treated at a well-staffed, well-equipped health facility. Some causes of maternal mortality are the same in the developing and developed world however the prevalence is significantly lower in the developed world. Commonly use approaches for obtaining data on levels of maternal mortality vary considerably in terms of methodology, source of data and precision of results. The findings in this paper represent the conclusions of the authors. LS and AMG conceived the review. 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