1. One of the main reasons we don’t know more about the Indus Valley Civilization is that their script has never been deciphered. Indus Valley Civilization - Mature Harappan Phase. Early Harappan Phase (3300BC-2800BC) Mature Harappan Phase ( 2600BC-1900 BC) Late Harappan era (1900BC-1300BC) Post Harappan Era The early , Mature and LateHarappan era are also known as Regionalisation, Integration and Localisationeras. It united under one government three important sites of early human civilization in the ancient ... Valley and India’s Indus Valley. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. Go to History Notes & Study Materials Page. Further, there was no evidence of any kind of mobilization of a great army of the north nor of any conquest c. 1900 BCE in India. All that can be known of the civilization to date comes from the physical evidence excavated at various sites. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. The story of the Indus Valley Civilization, therefore, is best given with the discovery of its ruins in the 19th century CE. (9). THE `INDUS SCRIPT' OF THE SINDHU CIVILIZATION DR. N.A. All Rights Reserved. In the present day, excavations continue at many of the sites found thus far and some future find may provide more information on the history and decline of the culture. Further, they all exhibited conformity to a single vision which further suggested a strong central government with an efficient bureaucracy that could plan, fund, and build such cities. The other Indus Valley city known at that time was Harappa, discovered in 1826. They came into India as pastoral, semi-nomadic tribes led by warrior chieftains. The Aryan Invasion Theory, though still cited and advanced by those with a racialist agenda, lost credence in the 1960s CE through the work, primarily, of the American archaeologist George F. Dales who reviewed Wheeler’s interpretations, visited the sites, and found no evidence to support it. The ancient site known as Kot Dilji whichwas the forerunner of Indus valle… The Indus script is also known as the Harappan script, which is the aggregation of symbols created during the Indus Valley Civilization. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 07 Oct 2020. Two of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization during the Bronze Age. The designs are “little masterpieces of controlled realism, with a monumental strength in one sense out of all proportion to their size and in another entirely related to it”, wrote the best-known excavator of the Indus civilization, Mortimer Wheeler, in 19681. This claim, known as the Aryan Invasion Theory, has been discredited. Written by Joshua J. Although the Indus Valley people developed writing, the script remains undeciphered so details about their civilization remain enigmatic. The two main cities, Harappa and Mohenjo Daro are well-organised cities with uniform mud-brick buildings, and conscious city planning! Around this time, another script also developed in the region, known as Kharosthi, which remained dominant in the Indus Valley region, while the Brahmi script was employed in the rest of India and other parts of South Asia. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. Harappa did not conform to either Egyptian or Mesopotamian architecture, however, as there was no evidence of temples, palaces, or monumental structures, no names of kings or queens or stelae or royal statuary. Indus Valley Civilization, a lso known as Harappan Civilization, was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan. Scientific American is published by Springer Nature, a leading global research, educational and professional publisher, home to an array of respected and trusted brands providing quality content through a range of innovative products and services. As well as its unknown script, the knowledge of social structures and life during that period is scant. The Indus Valley Civilization was established around 3300 BC. The skeletons Wheeler had interpreted as dying a violent death in battle showed no such signs nor did the cities exhibit any damage associated with war. The Indus Valley Civilization, 3300-1300 BCE, is also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan Civilisation. Another possibility is a drop in necessary trade goods. License. A particularly interesting aspect of the artwork is the appearance of what seems to be a unicorn on over 60 percent of the personal seals. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The Indus River Valley (or Harappan) civilization lasted for 2,000 years, and extended from what is today northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Several thousand Indus texts have been discovered, mostly from Dholavira, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, but also in far-flung lands of trading partners along the Persian Gulf and in Mesopotamia. It is one of the three oldest urban civilizations, along with Egypt and Mesopotamia, but it is the least understood. In order to avoid detection by authorities, he changed his name to Charles Masson and embarked on a series of travels throughout India. In the last century, thousands more ancient settlements have been discovered along the banks of the Indus River and the now-dried-up Saraswati River, and many of those settlements were at least as large as Mohenjo-Daro. By 2600 BCE, the small Early Harappan communities had become large urban centers. Wheeler’s work provided archaeologists with the means to recognize approximate dates from the civilization’s foundations through its decline and fall. Harappan Civilization, also known as Indus Valley Civilization, had flourished across the area of the North-Western part of the Indian subcontinent around 2500 BC. Contrary to the age-old assumption that the Indus script is a language, a veteran science historian has claimed that it is numerical, as evident from numbers and symbols in the seals and artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilisation (3000-1900 BC). Why the Indus Valley Civilization declined and fell is unknown, but scholars believe it may have had to do with climate change, the drying up of the Sarasvati River, an alteration in the path of the monsoon which watered crops, overpopulation of the cities, a decline in trade with Egypt and Mesopotamia, or a combination of any of the above. According to one, the Gaggar-Hakra River, which is identified with the Sarasvati River from Vedic texts, and which ran adjacent to the Indus River, dried up c. 1900 BCE, necessitating a major relocation of the people who had depended on it. -Stone ) period following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike and Egypt were experiencing troubles during this same time which have... Best attempts by scholars have not been able to translate or even interpret them in any way and. In order to avoid detection by authorities the script of indus valley civilization was known as he changed his name to Charles 's! 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