For the safety of its customers, Rocket Tattoo maintains a clean environment and practice stringent disinfection protocols. It includes the fine lines, the curves, the presentation of colors, and scabbing or scar tissues which can represent an untrained hand. Copyright 2023 Carlos Cisneros Tattoo Artist, All Rights Reserved. If you look at the list of tattoos, most of them are colored and shaded, so you can go for a similar design if thats what youre interested in. Revolution Tattoo has been providing tattoo services to Chicago residents since 2004. Ageless Arts Tattoo and Body Piercing is one of the oldest tattoo studios in Chicago. They have various offers on their website, starting from free tattoo designs, to donations on Patreon and its original merch. 7 Best Homeowners Insurance Companies of 2023, Ageless Arts Tattoo - Little Village -Chicago. -DO NOT expose your new tattoo to direct sunlight or UV tanning lights.-DO NOT swim/soak/submerge your new tattoo until it is completely healed. Tattooing is growing as a culture and in 2023, its made to be super-safe and trustworthy. Accessibility Statement, Tribal Tattoos, Sleeve Tattoos, Tattoo Artist, Japanese Tattoo, Tattoo Cover Ups, Tattoo Ink, Traditional Tattoos, Geometric Tattoos, Custom Tattoos, Portrait Tattoos, Realism Tattoos, Fine Line Tattoos, Cover Up Tattoos. Theyll make sure to listen every design idea you have. tribal tattoos, This Chicago tattoo artist has so much variety in her work, were pretty sure shes unstoppable. They are focused on traditional tattoos and cover-ups. text-align: left !important; Speck specializes in exceptionally unique tattoos and out-of-the-box ideas that you probably wont see anywhere else. We included the websites, Instagram accounts, and all the valuable info you need to get started into the world of tattoos in Chicago. Go through their websites and read about their vision, areas of interest, styles, and team of artists if available. Brown Brothers Tattoo is a tattoo shop in Chicago. Already whitelisted us? We have created a list of popular fried chicken restaurants in the city. The website loads a little slower, and its most likely that no one will reply to your DM. And it was painless!". If youre looking for a studio that will make you a tattoo thatll take its popularity like the revolution itself, make sure to check this tattoo studio. A Gemini. Clients are encouraged to come with their tattoo ideas and preferences, no matter how abstract they are, and see them transformed into something worthwhile. Michael Lopez- Ageless Arts Tattoo & Body Piercing, 9. 2023 Hypebeast Limited. But, if youre still skeptical and hard to trust, and you live in Chicago Illinois in the process, we believe its worth checking our list of the best tattoo studios in Chicago. fine line tattoos The studio is highly skilled in different forms of piercing services. They are mainly focused on traditional tattoos. You get what you pay for and I felt like royalty. She answered all my questions again. You wont find an artist as delicate as this woman can be with extreme detail. The tattoo artists at West Town Tattoo have varying involvement in other forms of art. The shop specializes in many types of genres with the incorporation of traditional tattooing roots. in English and Communications from Trinity International University, Kali knew she would take the path of a zealous editor the moment she stepped out into the working world. -DO NOT re-bandage or cover your tattoo. Get the latest news in women's streetwear, fashion and more. Goodkind Tattoo Co., is a custom tattoo shop operating in Chicago. We included the websites, Instagram accounts, and all the valuable info you need to get started into the world of tattoos in Chicago. Tattoo shops are so numerous in Chicago. She is predominately taught by herself which brings in a very unique curiosity about her. Specializing in floral and botanical designs, Fong does her work in both black and colored ink. While youre here, be sure to check out the best eight minimal tattoo artists in London. Given the scope of different designs that the studio worked on, its undoubtedly one of the most versatile places to get a tattoo of flowers, animals, famous people, and others. Aside from tattooing, GoodKind Tattoo Co. also operates a store where apparels and other products are available for purchase. Our Custom Tattoo Shopoffers custom tattooing from Dale Grande and David McNair- The Chicago Tattooing & Piercing Company, 8. He owns and operates his private The ones listed here are the best in Chicago, Illinois. It encourages its clients to bring their own ideas or choose a piece from the many flash designs its resident tattooists have created. The studio came into being in 2002. WebGenerations of New YORKARtisans. Learn more Yulia Liuto Tattoo artist The jewelry sold by the shop matches the Association of Professional Piercers and ASTM criteria. It offers tattoo and piercing services and occasionally invites guest artists to grace the shop. Patrick Cornolo is the founder of Speakeasy Custom Tattoo. They have been operating since 2007. The veteran tattoo artist is known for her geometric, fine line work. I reached out to a bunch of places to ask about getting my septum pierced. Stay updated on the latest news with our carefully curated newsletters. It shows that they are not too active on it. they have a huge client base that speaks highly of the artists who work in a very professional and excellent manner with the utmost knowledge and in a clean and comfortable environment. For more information about my top-quality tattoos, please book an appointment at Carlos Cisneros Tattoo Artist! In Humboldt Park. Phone 234-6420 . Rated Ink responded so quickly and answered all mymore, My girlfriend and I both went in for tattoos last weekend and could not be happier with ourmore, TattooPiercingTattoo Removal$$Noble Square, Studios in January of 2019 for the first and only time to get my first tattoo done.more, I appreciate that Nick and his boss feel as though it's a good tattoo but they didn't pay for it andmore, I went to get a very simple silver dollar sized tattoo with two of my friends.more, I finally took the plunge and got my first tattoo July 2013. If you have a tattoo idea that seems a little strange, and you want the right artist to take a stab at it (and you), hit up Speck, one of the best tattoo artists in Chicago. In addition, I also offer If youre the adventurous type, give her an idea of what you want and were sure shell run wild with it. Chicago is a hub of great tattoo artists and if the windy city has been your inspiration for your first (or tenth) ink, then here are all the Chicago tattoo shops that you must try! It is no surprise for a city as famous and modern as it is. Chicago based artist specializing in black and grey portraits, realism, lettering This one caught our eye so quick, we just had to feature Jacob. Deluxe Tattoo is located at 1459 West Irving Park Road, Chicago, IL 60613. Bicem Sinik. It is based in Chicago. It specializes in creating custom tattoos, allows walk-ins, and creates custom pieces that clients will love. WebChicago Tattoo Artist Brice Welton, a.k.a. } Her tattoos are very much recognizable because of her unique touch and because of the botanical imagery along with body placement ideas. How long does a fine line tattoo take to do. Robert Hixon, who attended the Art Institute of Chicago, is the founder of West Town Tattoo. Its team of tattoo artists has decades of combined industry experience, providing clients with various tattoo style options. The studios professionalism, high-quality service delivery, and ensuring safety protocols are some reasons why clients speak highly of them. Family Tattoo is located at 2125 West Belmont Avenue, Chicago, IL 60618. WebTattoo artist since 2021. Besides being a corgi owner, Jess is also a queer, black tattooer and is very accepting of all walks of life and all skin colors. Their services include Tattooing Services, Tattoo Removal, and Piercings. One of the best tattoo shops in Chicago to visit is Pioneer Tattoo. WebOne line tattoo ideas are fine line tats that explore different forms and styles from blackwork to minimalism while memorializing original artwork on the skin in one fluid line. Piercing Connect & Tattoos Offering daily deals like tiny tattoos for $30, Piercing Connect & Tattoos is a great shop if youre on a budget. Its owners, Omar and Cheri Gutierrez, keep merchandise available for sale. that you have wanted for a while now, Carlos Cisneros Tattoo Artist can turn your ideas into a reality! Please review our suggested products for any allergies you may have. The shop has garnered praise from different individuals for their work. Revolution Tattoo is a Chicago-based tattoo company that focuses both on the comfortableness of the client and the customer. This difficulty is one of the reasons we have made this article. Royal Flesh Tattoos and Piercings is a tattoo shop that has been operating since 2010. Social media is full of interesting designs that are worth checking out. You may have more than one ad-blocker installed. This information is not a substitute for medical care. He charges at least $100 for an hour to $175. The shops are talented artists who are known for their professionalism, creativity, and friendliness. Single The tattoo artist in the tattoos specializes in portraits, black and gray, cover-ups, custom, illustrative, fine line, mystical, space-age, unknown, sensitive, realistic, tribal, cartoon, classic, horror, gooey, sinister, creepy, Japanese, American traditional, and more. Omar, aka oms (pronounced with an h), is a part arcane mystic and part tattooist who has been tattooing in Chicago for over 2 decades. Dont worry, our team found the best sushi restaurants in the city to visit with friends, View the Best Sushi Restaurants in Chicago, A post shared by Ryan Flaherty (@ryanflaherty). Ryan Flaherty is one of the more popular tattoo artists at Pioneer tattoos, but he also works individually. Tattoo Darkening Options, Crescent Moon Tattoo Meaning: Tattoo Ideas and Symbolism Explained. That may be a result of different reasons, but the tattoos they design are top-notch. A tattoo is forever and so we must focus not only just on the design but also on the way it has been designed too. Chicago Bill owns the shop. And if you are close to their outlets, visit them to see what they have on offer before making any decision. Patrick Cornolo, who has been a tattoo artist since 1994, established Speakeasy Custom Tattoo in 2008. What did people search for similar to fine line tattoo in Chicago, IL? If the process feels too painful for you, theyll frequently take breaks too. The shop is located at 3056 North Clybourn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60618. Let's check it out! Can You Sue a Tattoo Artist For Bad Work? Does Amazon Accept After Pay? It will also helo her to encourage the young talented artists to find their dreams come true by choosing their own unique style and create a sustainable and healthy business venture. As a result of its professionalism, perfect work ethics, and friendly tone and vibe, theyve had tens of thousands of satisfied customers who keep coming back. In addition, they make sure to guide clients through their tattoo and body piercing venture while using quality inks and supplies to produce the best results. Ageless Arts Tattoo and Body Piercing serves Chicago with professional tattoo services. The studio upholds originality, professionalism, and quality service delivery. The studio has been profiled in various notable magazines, including TimeOut and Chicago Tribune. They are committed to innovation, respect for individuality, and freedom of expression. Istanbul-based tattoo artist Bicem knows a thing or two about exquisitely fine line work. display: none !important; border: none !important; He has been tattooing custom designs in the area for more than 26 years. Lets say that you end up liking 10 different tattoos, and 8 of them are fine line tattoos. Theres nothing better than having your dream tattoo come into life by a true professional, as long as you can reach out to them. Its artists are professionals provide a variety of designs, including custom work, coverups, portraits, and new and old-school tattoos. I knew exactly what I wanted, but wasmore, I had my first (and only, so far) tattoo done at Tatu Tattoo in August of 2009.more. The actual time I had with the piercer was so quick. Also, we cant go without complimenting their new and accurate equipment. Archer Avenue Tattoo is a tattoo outfit based in Chicago, and its areas of prime interest include traditional tattoos and piercings. The shop provides tattoo cover-up services and glycerin-free tattoo ink. An Aries. This article will take you on a tour of the best tattoo shops in Chicago to get your tattoo done. Some popular services for tattoo include: What are people saying about tattoo in Chicago, IL? Taylor St. Tattoo is located at 1150 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607. SeulGee specializes in fine line semi-realism, both black+grey and color, and enjoys working in surrealism and realism. Need ideas? If you have a vague idea about your next tattoo design in your mind but are unable to put it into words, then you have to go no further than be inFamily Tattoo which has amazing artists that will help you achieve your dream. Omar and Cheri Gutierrez own the studio. Prominently dabbling in traditional work with animal or botanical themes, Julia opened Good Omen with appointment-only bookings. Your safety and satisfaction are our primary concern and goal, which is why we carefully picked the best studios after analyzing them and the customer satisfaction. Ageless Tattoo offers various packages to its most loyal customers, while also working in the interest of dragging new ones into its offers that undoubtedly pay off. Some of the best tattoo shops and artists are said to operate in Chicago, Illinois. They began operating in the mid to late nineties. Answer: if you are suspicious that an artist is illegal, you can ask for their permit. We cannot get over how cool that tattoo looks. Clients can view the portfolios of the artists at the studio and book appointments with any of them. Clients speak highly of the talented artists, comforting presence, reasonable pricing, personable and knowledgeable artists, high-quality artwork, collaboration, professional manner, and excellent atmosphere. 2023 Expertise.com. Stephanie is a literal paint artist but she has the capability to capture the beauty of the canvas onto the canvas of the body that is the skin. Its areas of focus are portraitures and body art. She boasts permanent markings on impermanent vessels as her tagline, which just makes us want to head over there right now because life is short and you might as well paint yourself pretty. When it turns gray, click the refresh icon that has appeared next to it or click the button below to continue. People also searched for these in Chicago: What are some popular services for tattoo? As an Amazon Associate, Saved Tattoo earn from qualifying purchases by linking to Amazon.com, https://www.instagram.com/deluxetattoochicago/, https://www.instagram.com/agelessartstattoo/, https://www.instagram.com/archeravenuetattoo/, https://familytattoochicago.com/home.html, https://www.instagram.com/goodkindtattoo/, https://www.instagram.com/infamousinktattoochicago/?hl=en, https://www.instagram.com/revolutiontattoo/?hl=en, https://www.instagram.com/tattoocandychicago/, https://www.instagram.com/wishmelucktattoo/, https://www.instagram.com/ryanflaherty/?hl=en, 16 Top-Rated Tattoo Shops In Atlanta: Ratings, Services, and Experience. All rights reserved. Also, theyre quite friendly and top-notch professional. Adding a business to Yelp is always free. A Pisces. No votes so far! Clients speak highly of their expert piercing services, clean shop, comfortable presence, knowledgeable and friendly staff, high-quality artwork, and professional manner. @vanillabrice1 on Instagram, is a black and grey / fine line Tattoo Artist based out of Chicago, Illinois. 2. But the one we think is most vital is the one concerning age. Best Tattoo Shops inPhiladelphia: Where To Get Inked In Philly? 1459 West Irving Park Road, Chicago, IL 60613 Traditional Tattoos Business Description In business since 1997, Deluxe Tattoo aims to provide services that range Speakeasy Custom Tattoos main area of focus is in traditional tattoos. Get Quote. Fine line tattoos look gentle, almost weightless, discreet, and delicate. With various regulations and happy customers that share the joy of visiting a particular tattoo studio, nearly everyone is encouraged to come and get their first ink on the body. My specialty in fine line single-needle tattoos with bright, bold, steady, clean American Traditional tattoo style. Open air is most conducive to proper healing. And we think this matters. Micah Paul St. John who is a tattooist at Brown Brothers Tattoo trains in eagle, snake, panther, dagger, skull, flower, spider, web, girl head, pinup, clipper ship, tiger, mans ruin, wolf, butterfly, devil, dragon, mermaid, and salamander tattoos. 5924 cliffdale road, fayetteville, nc 28314 directions. that are worth paying all that cash for some really good ink. Aside from tattooing, the studio is also specialized in different types of body piercings. Jess Noble is another tattoo artist at Revolution Tattoo and a rock n roll basically from Milwaukee! Their talented artists are known to employ color realism style in their work. These shops are not only occupied by professionals versed in the art of inking tattoos; they combine that with the right attitude, creativity, unique methods, and so much more to ensure you find satisfaction. Alexs work is done in an illustrative blackwork style that has high contrast and a large amount of detail. Tattoo Shop in Chicago. The website is quite simplistic and just leads to social media. The Chicago Tattooing & Piercing Company is one of the oldest tattoo studios in Chicago and contributes a whole lot to Chicagos undeniable tattoo history which is rich and wide. A Gemini. Pioneer Tattoo has been around for years, with a lot of satisfied clients, and even more of those who return for a rework or getting another tattoo. Keep in mind they only take through appointment, so before you go to the address make sure to give them a call or send them an email. Tattoo styles the artists in the shop provide includes portraits, black and gray, cover-ups, custom, illustrative, fine line, mystical, space age, unknown, sensitive, realistic, tribal, cartoon, classic, horror, gooey, sinister, creepy, Japanese, American traditional, and more. The Swooshs latest coveted collaboration with CLOT. They have a group of talented artists. She has tried to investigate all the methods of the techniques and styles that come in the tattoo industry. If youre looking for an LGBT-friendly ecosystem as well as that without any racial pressure, Wish Me Luck Tattoo is the right place to come. Their tattoo designs are mainly black and white. E: info@urbanmatter.com Archer Avenue Tattoo provides a range of tattoo styles that include portrait work, traditional Japanese, color, traditional, and black and gray. Heres what you should know, https://www.instagram.com/agelessartstattoo/, https://www.facebook.com/archeravenuetattoo/, https://www.instagram.com/archeravenuetattoo/, https://www.facebook.com/brownbrotherstattoo, https://www.instagram.com/brownbrotherstattoo/, https://www.facebook.com/chicagoinktattoo, https://www.instagram.com/chicagoinktattoo, https://www.instagram.com/tattooedbilly75, https://www.facebook.com/chitowntattooink/, https://www.facebook.com/deluxe-tattoo-127752610614301/, https://www.instagram.com/deluxetattoochicago/, https://www.facebook.com/familytattoochicago, https://www.instagram.com/goodkindtattoo/, https://www.facebook.com/hammerhead-tattoo-1499468850318278/, https://www.instagram.com/hammerheadtattoo/, https://www.facebook.com/infamous-ink-studio-61086766335, https://www.instagram.com/infamousinktattoochicago/, https://www.instagram.com/revolutiontattoo/?hl=en, https://www.facebook.com/royalfleshchicago, https://www.instagram.com/royalfleshtattoo, https://www.facebook.com/speakeasycustomtattoo/, https://www.facebook.com/taylor-street-tattoo-153815141339751, https://www.instagram.com/taylorstreettattoo/, https://www.instagram.com/westtowntattoo/, https://www.instagram.com/insightstudios/?hl=en, Location: 1606 West North Avenue, Chicago, IL 60622. I wanted to get in as soon as possible, but thought it might be tough as some of the artists there havemore, Tattoo Artist Specializes in Fine Line and Blackwork Tattoosmore, I would recommend this place to ANYONE. Brice Welton, a.k.a. He may not always take requests or appointments due to his appointments related to Pioneer Tattoos. We understand that people are concerned about the ethics and practices different tattoo artists put into work to make a tattoo design real. We have developed a list of the worst outdoor dining ideas that have been created by residents in Chicago that are looking safe ways to dine at restaurants during the COVID-19 health crisis. The studios artists are known for their versatility in many types of tattoo designs, creativity, and professionalism. Refresh the page or click the button below to continue. Its founder Robert Hixon has been in the industry since the early 90s. Gave me the ring that I wanted. The colorful contrasts that the artist atFamily Tattoo works with help your tattoo to stand out. We will provide you with a sanitary and quality tattoo, but it is up to you to take proper care of it. 2851 Georgia Ave. NW, DC; follow on Instagram @piercingconnectandtattoos Tattoo Paradise Finding a place to eat in Chicago can be stressful. "A fine line tattoo is a subtle, delicate, and thin tattoo," explains Iron & Ink Tattoo Artist, Wiwi. Was the last shop # 12 or # 1 ? To ensure this, the shop enforces safety protocols with regards to intoxication, clothing, hygiene, and hydration, and for all clients and their companions to follow. They offer varieties of body piercings and ensure clients are duly guided through all their processes. Chicago was also the reason to rocket careers of some of the most talented artists of all time like Normal Collins or Sailor Jerry and Cliff Raven whose Chicago Tattooing and Piercing Company has been one of the most iconic studios in the history of tattooing. A Pisces. She is also planning to run a series of seminars that helps to promote education based on the tattoo and the tattoo industry among young tattoo artist. Located by Howard University, its a go-to for college students. Its important to note that you cant just bump in there. Obviously theyre not as black as they were, but a bit of ageing can look quite nice. They are proficient in tattoo styles such as black and grey photo-realism, traditional Americana and European, neo-Polynesian tribal, and portraitures. We charge advertisers instead of our readers. Stay updated on the latest news with our carefully curated newsletters, Here Are 5 Tattoo Artists You Need to Know in Chicago, 5 Afrobeats Artists You Should Know About, How Tattoo Artist Yeeki Lo Finds Inspiration in Traditional Hong Kong Architecture, You Can Now Get Your Kanye West Tattoos Removed for Free, Here Are 7 Black LGBTQ Beauty Influencers You Need To Know and Follow, The Ordinary's Sister Brand NIOD Is Releasing a New Copper Amino Isolate Lipid Serum, Here's When Nike's "Royale University Blue Silk" Air Force 1 Is Releasing, Feng Chen Wang Debuts Another Collaboration With Converse, Stussy Is Having an Archive Pop-Up Sale in New York, Givenchy Launches Its Immersive E-Commerce Platform to the U.S. Market, Watch the New Trailer for Disney's Live-Action 'Lady and the Tramp', 5 Things You Didn't Know About Lucy Boynton from Netflix's 'The Politician', Take a Look at All the Pieces in adidas Originals x J KOO's SS20 Collection, Lauren Tsai Will Star In Amy Poehler's Netflix Film 'Moxie', Rihanna's FENTY Makes Its Pop-Up Debut at London's Selfridges. } The artists at the studio are versed in various tattoo designs and are known to exude professionalism in their manner of work. The artists at the studio are proficient in various tattoo designs. Ive heard some pretty terrible horror stories of people going to bad tattoo shops and ending up with misspelled words or blotchy ink staining their bodies. When it comes to Archer Avenue tattoo, youll be greeted with nothing less than generosity, kindness, and promise that theyll make you a perfect tattoo design that youll simply adore. Whats also interesting is that the tattoos are quite affordable, and the place has great positive energy and dedication. .prisna-gwt-align-right { He specializes in tattooing breasts after a mastectomy, specifically with gorgeous, watercolor-style flowers, and the results are absolutely stunning. In Chicago. They are proficient in several tattoo styles, including lettering, anime, neo-traditional, geometric patterns, black and grey, and Japanese themes. Black Rose Tattoo Meaning: Read This Before You Choose the Final Tattoo Design! West Town Chamber Kicks Off Exhibition Honoring Womens History this Friday, 3 Breathtaking Spots to View This Springs Chicago Henge, Dylan Patel of avec to Host Dinner Featuring Culinary Rising Stars, Chicago Athletic Association Hotel Announces New Executive Chef Kaleena Bliss, Roundhouse Sports Bar Brings Asian-American Fusion to Logan Square, The Graceful Ordinary Will Recreate Your Wedding Dinner this V-Day, Renaissance Chicago Downtown Hotel Wins 2022 Gay Travel Award, Petterinos to Give Away 500 Christmas Meals With Chicago Life Cares, The M Room Brings a High-End, Scotch-Centric Dining Experience to River North. In Chicago. The Chicago Reader has named Deluxe Tattoo the Best Tattoo Shop for two years in a row. Related Article: 7 Popular Wine Shops in Chicago, A post shared by Speck Osterhout (@catsgethigh). Find the motif and placement. .goog-tooltip:hover { WebThird Eye Tattoo 5405 S. Harlem Ave. CHICAGO, IL 60638 Phone: (708) 509-3919 Email: charlie@thirdeyetattoochicago.com MEET CHARLIE. Answer: Not all reviews are true. Deluxe Tattoo is focused on offering traditional tattoos. Amazing coverup tattoo by the best tattoo artist in ct. 5307 roosevelt way ne, seattle, wa. Max and Marshall Brown- Brown Brothers Tattoo, 30 Pristine Larkspur Tattoo Designs with Meanings and Ideas, Dominick Cruzs 2 Tattoos & Their Meanings, John Collins 14 Tattoos & Their Meanings, Lazar Angelovs 8 Tattoos & Their Meanings, Jos Gimnez 30 Tattoos & Their Meanings, Robert Swift 23 Tattoos & Their Meanings, Devs (Singer) 15 Tattoos & Their Meanings. But then, when a shop has so many bad reviews, its no coincidence. A post shared by Joseph/OrnamentalTattoos (@b.a.g.w.i.s). They have been operating for over two decades. Molly Emrick- Ash and Ivory Tattoo. That's longer than some ofmore, John is an incredible tattoo artist and simply a genuinely kind person who made my first timemore, Just love Gifford and his tattoo & art work. WebOur tattoo artists demonstratetheir talent on your tattoo. As a rule, they are small miniature single drawings. 16030 S. Lincoln Hwy Suite 106 Plainfield, IL 60586 . The artists are proficient in various tattoo styles, including black and gray realism, color-work, portraiture, and watercolor. The studio is known for its originality and professionalism. Chicagos Heart-N-Soul is a Chicago-based tattoo shop. You may have to select a menu option or click a button. But Chicago tattoo artists? GoodKind Tattoo Co. is focused on areas including neotraditional tattoos and traditional tattoos. Michael Lopez was Osborn in new york and work her inAgeless Arts Tattoo & Body Piercing. For those who are fans of natural and botanical designs, Esther Garcia is known for her beautiful and unique illustrative style. Ryan has so many amazing photographs of his work Its nothing new. He has been tattooing for over a decade.