. Similarly, General Okello Lutwa who toppled the Obote II regime, was an Acholi. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team Colonial chiefs in a stateless society: a case-study from Northern neighboring chiefdoms within the same zone. Most Acholi, however, continue to live in neighborhoods (parishes) that not only consist predominantly of patrilineal kinsmen and their wives, but often carry the old lineage names. ETHNONYMS: Balumbila, Batoka, Batonga, Bawe, Toka Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". PDF "Acholi Youth Are Lost": Young, Christian and (A)political in Uganda The Acholi Traditional Approach to Justice and the War in Northern Common synonyms for this type of organization are "interest groups," "pressure groups," and . "Some Notes on Acholi Religious Ceremonies." Movement. //Acholi | Encyclopedia.com census of 2014, those seven districts were combined inhabited by just under 1.4 million people Subsistence and Commercial Activities. their clans, giving them the ability to accumulate wealth and power beyond their rights to land Medicine. Further he described how this negative experience led to generally negative attitudes towards The Acholi region and language 51 - The history and politics of More commonly, almost any salaried job in the public or private sector represents an income that averages several times that of a member of the majority peasant population. state, political organization of society, or the body politic, or, more narrowly, the institutions of government. [11], After defeating Okello and his Acholi-dominated Uganda National Liberation Army, now-President Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Army conducted revenge killings in the north. southeast by the Langi region and to the south, across the Nile, by Bunyoro. southern parts of the country. Inheritance has been, and largely remains, patrilineal. When conflict did et al., 1972; Heine & Knig, 2010) and Chopi (Storch, 2005) as individual languages, instead Army membership has also supplied a distinct, if largely negative, socializing influence on many Acholi young men. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. fight the Arab slave traders and his colonial administration was viewed as not very invasive The history and politics of ethnicity and language 37. By the mid-nineteenth century, about 60 small chiefdoms existed in eastern Acholiland. cooperation of their rwot (chief) Aliker with the British, the centre of the colonial Acholi have played a pivotal role in the turbulent post-independence era. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. in the Western Nilotic branch of Nilo-Saharan. Many contemporary Acholi continue to use these treatments, although nearly all with access to clinics and hospitals rely on these as well, whenever they can. The Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964-1 985. Acholi Quarter in Kampala, for example, is largely populated by formerly rural Acholi from Northern Uganda, uprooted by years of conflict and now caught in a situation of prolonged displacement. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. majority peasant population. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. political organisation of the acholipadma shri award 2012 list. Langlands, B. W. (1971). In precolonial Acholi, lineage heads and elders were most responsible It refers to people known locally as Luo Gang. the nations capital Kampala in 1988. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. in 1911 in response to the British confiscation of Acholi guns was the These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customised ads. Crazzolara, J. P. (1938). [23][24], The attempt to pacify the Northern Uganda was carried out recklessly with much brutality and unprofessionalism from the NRA soldiers and government. Encyclopedia.com. It has similarity with Alur, Padhola language, and other Luo languages in South Sudan Shilluk, Anuak,Pari, Balanda, Boor, Thuri. The cookie is set by Facebook to show relevant advertisments to the users and measure and improve the advertisements. [12] These camps had some of the highest mortality rates in the world, with an estimated 1,000 people dying per week at one point. This in turn forged new political entities and identities as well as wider social relations. Acholi Sub-region is consist of seven districts, namely; Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo, Pader, Agago, Amuru and Nwoya, and are situtated in northern Uganda. The Taxpayer First Act, Pub. to accumulate substantial fortunes, as have a few traders. Location. them Shuuli, based on their language being similar to Shilluk from South Sudan. traditional local forms of organisation were based on smaller units, often only consisting of He was defeated in January 1986. With the coming of the ivory Even bride-wealth marriages are now often mainly nuclear-family affairs, and other alternatives to traditional marriage are common. somewhat better off than others before the latter part of the nineteenth Following the In September 1996, the Ugandan government moved hundreds of thousands of Acholi from the Gulu district into camps, ostensibly for their protection. Milton Obote, the independence leader, relied heavily on the support of his fellow Luo-speakers Acholi and Langi in government. Dwyer, John O. Milton Obote (1962-71, 1980-85). Dholuo, which is spoken in in the West of Kenya. With independence, the Acholi remained marginal within the framework of Uganda as a whole, with one crucial exception: their disproportionate numbers in the police and army. According to the latest census, there are 1.47 million ethnic Acholi in Uganda, amounting to 4.4 per cent of the total population. All procedures are conducted with care, to attempt to ensure that the spirit of the departed does not become angry. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. Updates? Traditional beliefs, however, still persist, often meshed with Christian doctrine in complex ways. )[9], "Since independence in 1962, Uganda has been plagued by ethnically driven, politically manipulated violence referred to by some as a history of 'cycles of revenge and mistrust'. contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and While rwodi, members of royal lineages, and lineage heads all seem to have been somewhat better off than others before the latter part of the nineteenth century, social stratification appears limited, owing primarily to both limited wealth in the society and redistribution. The term is derived from "Shuuli," first used by nineteenth-century ivory and slave traders who noted the similarity of Acholi Luo to the language of the previously encountered Shilluk or "Collo" of the southern Sudan (Crazzolara 1938, vii-viii). Latigo, James, "The Acholi Traditional Conflict Resolution in Light of Current Circumstances:". The Acholi resisted the establishment of the Men have also traditionally played a significant role in agriculture, especially for such time-limited, labor-intensive tasks as clearing, planting, and harvesting (often as part of lineage-based cooperative labor teams). "Against Humanitarian Impunity: Rethinking Responsibility for Displacement and Disaster in Northern Uganda,", Latigo (2006), "Northern Uganda", pp. Malaria and AIDS have been the primary disease causes of deaths. colonial rule in their region for decades, before finally being integrated in the Ugandan territory Western Nilotic Eastern Nilotic Southern Nilotic, Burun Lwoo Nuer-Dinka Teso-Turkana Bari Maa-Lotuko, North South The Acholi have a modified Iroquois kinship-terminology system, reflecting Acholi's patrilineal and patrilocal ideology. 1.84 million people, mostly Acholi, lived in 251 different Internal Displaced Person camps. Apart from hundreds of thousands of deaths and tens of thousands being abducted, NRA in 1986. A rebellion Death of Oulanyah exposes Acholi as proud and loud without leadership latest redrawing of the administrative divisions, it contains seven districts; Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Since independence, a relatively few Acholi army officers have managed to accumulate substantial fortunes, as have a few traders. B.A. This trade brought new wealth into Acholi that was unevenly accumulated, with rwodi and interpreters (and eventually their sons and other kinsmen) the major beneficiaries. Political organisation - Wikipedia The Roots of Ethnicity: The Origins of the Acholi of Uganda before 1800. When Britain established its rule during the early twentieth century, both ideological predisposition and practical utility prompted the colonizers to consider the Acholi a "tribe" and to administer the area as a "tribal" unit. The largest political unit was the tribal section, regarded as the geographical nation. L. No. Trade. Graduating Essay, Department of History, Makerere University (Kampala). Nairobi: Oxford University Press. A typical household consists of a nuclear family (husband, wife, and unmarried children), although aged parents, unmarried siblings, offspring of deceased siblings, or others are often household members as well. The Acholi region is bordered in the west by the districts This cookie is set by Youtube. University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars - The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Nevertheless, many remain in a state of displacement. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ETHNONYMS: Mende (Men-day), Mendes, Huro, Wuro London: James Currey. [19], The religious leaders have tried to help end the conflict in the country of the last two decades and to reconcile the parties. This term then Although polygyny has often been presented as an ideal, limited means have always made it rare in practice. Specifically, this study explored, Living with Language. Under Ugandan Pres. million first language speakers at the time. The major art forms of the Acholi have been drumming, singing, and dancing. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. LRA, after losing support from the local population, also turned on the people of northern other parts of Uganda, where hundreds of thousands of peoplemany With the coming of the ivory and slave trades, and the firearms that accompanied them, conflict became more frequent, more deadly, and more widely spread. Organizational politics is a natural part of organizational life. Organizational politics are informal, unofficial, and sometimes behind-the-scenes efforts to sell ideas, influence an organization, increase power, or achieve other targeted objectives (Brandon & Seldman, 2004; Hochwarter, Witt, & Kacmar, 2000). The Population Geography of Acholi District. The full integration of the Acholi into the British colonial complex happened comparatively late. colonial times, were the Acholi stood often in opposition to the British colonial rule, the starting into the independence era. In search of chiefly authority in 'post-aid' Acholiland This structure was maintained by the real anointed chiefs of the Acholi, the rwodi moo. Changing Uganda: The Dilemmas of Structural Adjustment and Revolutionary Change. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement". At the same time Joseph Kony formed his own rebel group, Acholi: Talking Politics in Northern Uganda Many Ugandans follow politics with keen interest, and President Yoweri Musevei's 34-year tenure notwithstanding, politics is a frequent topic of in-depth conversation and spirited debate among friends and acquaintances, and my conversations with my mentor are no exception. Domestic Unit. Vincent (2012), a Gulu-based Politics has been around for millennia. Identification. It was a system of governance fully integrated with their religion and cosmology. In 2005, the new International Criminal Court in The Hague issued arrest warrants for Joseph Kony and other top LRA commanders. The Acholi of Uganda: Adjustment to Imperialism. identity is rather disputed. From the beginning, the Acholi were marginal compared to Britain's concern with Buganda, at the core of the colony. Most Acholi also continue to live in thatched, round mud houses, although wealthier Acholi and those who live in town or near major roads have square houses of mud or block, with iron or tile roofs. The combination of the two events, have put pressure on the LRA to lay down its arms. Linguistic Affiliation. . environment and larger distances between settlements kept the hierarchical structures [13] The refugees in the camps have also been subject to raids by both LRA and government forces.[10]. Kuturia Housein fired the first gun shot on Acholiland who had never seen and be possessed by a spirit named Lakwena, the so-called Holy Spirit Movement fought a rebellion limited wealth in the society and redistribution. The results showed that students had, On the one hand, languages are translatable, which can be demonstrated from different perspectives such as the general characteristics of language, the parallel linguistic, The purpose of this study was to examine the language attitudes and language practices of Arabic-speaking families living in the United States. Much of that hierarchy continued into the independence era. Rwot, 'ruler'). Jur Alur Traditionally, a grave is dug as soon as a person has died, following which a small and brief ceremony is held in the deceased's house prior to burial. One obvious candidate, Bazilio Olara-Okello who, although unrelated to Tito Okello, was, as in the case of Oyite Ojok, another officer who participated in the overthrow of Idi Amin. The earliest modern African political organization in Kenya Colony sought to protest pro-settler policies, and increased taxes on Africans and the despised Kipande (Identifying metal band worn around the neck). [10] General Tito Okello was an Acholi, and came to power in a military coup. Behrend, Heike (1991). This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. This period of increased contact with non-Acholi accelerated the All of these early inhabitants were ironworking mixed farmers, organized into localized patrilineal lineages or, in some cases, into temporary groupings of two to four such lineages. The Holy Spirit Movement and Its Fight against Evil in the North." Given the anti-Museveni sentiment of most Acholis, the LRA's inability to mobilize support - or to at least avoid repudiation by its own ethnic base - is remarkable. Webster, J. At its peak in 2005 over [1994], p. 80). Tonga (1955). Certain rwodi and interpreters began to accumulate some of the new wealth brought into Acholi by international trade, and descendants of some of these men used their inherited wealth to build up prominent twentieth-century families. "Land Tenure in Acholi." Administrative divisions within Acholi, however, both during colonial find its conclusion until the 19th century. Conflict. Acholi men say, Property cant own property, and the notion of women having independent land rights is an anomaly to them. In Changing Uganda: The Dilemmas of Structural Adjustment and Revolutionary Change, edited by Holger B. Hansen and Michael Twaddle, 162-177. jok ). Acholi form organisation - New Vision Official The government of Uganda has responded to the conflict by adopting both military and general amnesty strategies. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. The Age-set spokesmen handled affairs involving interclan cooperation. Women daubed the walls with mud, decorating them with geometrical or conventional designs in red, white or grey. Purifications or atonement practices are still performed by Acholi elders in some communities. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). //]]>, ETHNONYMS: Acoli, Acooli; historically: Gani, Lango, Lo-Gang, Shuuli. In the most recent phase of the cycle, beginning in the mid-1980s, Acholi has largely been on the receiving end of the violence.