Counselling psychologists advise students on effective study habits and the kinds of job they might be best suited for, and provide help concerned with mild problems of social nature and strengthen healthy lifestyle, economical and emotional adjustments. (iii) The introspection method for the study proved that it is most subjective and unscientific method. 1. 1. Thus literally, Psychology means ‘the study of soul’ or ‘science of soul’. It is a method that requires long and difficult training. When the sample is large, the questionnaire method is economical. When this is not the case, the sample is said to be biased sample (manipulated). Although the word mind was less mysterious and vague than soul, yet it also faced the same questions, namely what is mind? 3. It has its applied aspects in the form of various branches of applied psychology like industrial, legal, clinical, and educational psychology. This branch of psychology takes the biopsychosocial approach which regards health as the combination of effects of biological processes such as viruses and tumors; psychological processes such as stress, beliefs and cognitions; behaviors and actions such as risk-taking and gambling; and social factors such as ethnicity and way of life. The first few questions are particularly important, because they are likely to influence the attitude of the respondent. 4. In his book An Outline of Psychology, “Psychology is a science which aims to give us better understanding and control of the behaviour of the organism as a whole”. There are two general grouping of psychologists: research psychologists and applied psychologists. THE NATURE and SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY LESSON AIM Define psychology and explain basic theoretic approaches Despite their interest in the subject, students of psychology often find it difficult to answer this basic question in a clear, concise an d specific manner. In order to make a questionnaire effective the question sequence must be clear and should have smooth flow. Thus we can say that in organizational and industrial sectors not only the psychological effects of working attitude of the employees are considered but also the physical aspects are given importance to make workers feel healthy. Research psychologists experiment and gather observations to improve understanding … He also has a freedom while recording responses, whether to include some aspects and exclude others. The first definition of the Psychology was the study of the soul: The earliest attempts at defining Psychology owe their origin to the most mysterious and philosophical concept, namely that of soul. They capture much of the scope of contemporary psychology but do not encompass all branches. Structured observation is useful in descriptive studies, while unstructured observation is useful in exploratory studies. This is called sampling. It consists of a number of questions printed in a definite order which the respondents have to answer. When observations are carried out under standardized conditions they should be observed with a careful understanding of the units, that is the style of recording observed information and the selection of dependent or related data of observation concerned, then it is called structured observation. This includes the study of motivation, intelligence, personality, use of rewards and punishments, size of the class, expectations, the personality traits and the effectiveness of the teacher, the student-teacher relationship, the attitudes, etc. Most standard modern definitions of psychology describe its essence as the science of behavior. Intelligence tests measure the intellectual capacity of an individual and achievement tests through light on achievement of student in various subjects they are studying. Where this questionnaire is mailed to the respondents instead of directly administering it is called a mailed questionnaire. This is the most commonly used method especially in relation to behavioural science, though observation as such is common in everyday occurrences, scientific observations are formulated in research places. 2. Complete control of the extraneous variables is not possible. More information about the subject can be obtained in greater depth. All types of behaviour cannot be experimented. Psychologists use many scientific methods for research purposes to understand various psychological issues more scientifically. The scope of Educational Psychology includes the study of the nature of intelligence as well as its measurement. Case studies depend on client’s memories of the past and such memories are highly reliable to understand the problems. Introduction to psychology Muddsar Siddiqui. • Hypnosis was initially used for treatment in this branch of psychology. 2. A random sample of entire population is not always necessary or even desirable. Abnormal Psychology. The information’s provided by this method is very less or limited. This is the method of observation of the behaviour or the ability of the individual under controlled condition or fixed circumstances. The person who conducts the experiment is called the experimenter and the one who is being observed is called the subject. Psychology possesses a well-organized theory that is supported by relevant psychological laws & principles. Psychology is the science of mind and behavior.Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.It is an academic discipline of immense scope. Social and environmental factors affect the way we think, say and do. 5. As some observe and believe that psychological disorders arise from a person’s unresolved conflicts and unconscious motives, others maintain that some of these patterns are merely learned responses, which can be unlearned with training, still others are contend with the knowledge of thinking that there are biological basis to certain psychological disorders, especially the more serious ones. This provides formulized data upon which generalizations can be built with considerable accuracy. TOS4. This may lead to lack of comparability and also difficult in analyzing the responses. Different branches of psychology have emerged to help study different topics of interest within the field. Methods. Although it is common knowledge that illnesses can be contagious and hereditary, behavioral and psychological factors should not be disregarded as they also have significan… Introspection is a method of studying the consciousness in which the subjects report on their subjective experiences. There are the different methods used in psychology to study the behaviour. Social psychology is a branch of general psychology that has great importance in the modern world. That is for example, survey on healthcare reform, or economic reform, voting preferences prior to elections, consumer reactions to various products, health practices, public opinion and complaints with safety regulations and so on. BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY • Abnormal psychology is the study of certain behavioural abnormalities in a person's psyche/mind such as neuroses, psychoses and mental retardation. Course Duration: Bachelor of Science [B.Sc] (Psychology) is 3 Years. This method makes use of carefully devised and standardized tests for measuring attitudes, interest, achievement, intelligence and personality traits. They provide support and guidance relating to stress management, losing weight, smoke reduction, preventing drug and alcohol abuse. It may be based on careful observation or formal psychological testing. Here the interviewer simply encourages the respondent to talk about the given topic with a minimum of direct questioning. Social psychologists work largely in colleges and universities and also other organizations. In direct personal interview, the investigator collects information directly from the sources concerned. To test the hypothesis, relationship between variables is examined. Another way of classifying observation is that of participant and non-participant types of observation. It is not based on common sense, reasoning or logic alone. Animal Psychology. Questionnaire is an instrument of data collection. Psych 101 - Introduction to Psychology - Lecture 1 … Then a hypothesis is formed; it is a suggested answer to the problem under investigation, based on the knowledge that existing in the field of study. b. Content Guidelines 2. Experimental psychologists often do research in lab by frequently using animals as their experimental subjects. It is the performing of an experiment that is a tightly controlled and highly structured observation of variables. These branches are divided according to the major schools of psychology. 1. Earth science is the study of natural processes that shape the earth, such as geology, oceanography, and meteorology. But in some cases, an indirect examination is conducted where the interviewer cross-examines other persons who are supposed to have knowledge about the problem under investigation. PSYCHOLOGY. Our behaviour is not only the result of just our personality and predisposition. Psychology is always evolving and new fields and branches continue to emerge. This has to be used when intensive investigation is required. (ii) It would not include subconscious and unconscious activities of mind. It believes that … BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY General Psycholo gy Physiologic al Psychology Pure Psycholo gy Developmental Psychology Development al Psychology Abnorma l Psycholo gy Child Psycholo gy Social Psycholo gy Clinical Psychology Forensic Psycholog y Applied Psychology Biological Psycholog y Education al Psychology Business Psycholog y Psycholog y Scope and Branches of Psychology. This method of data collection is especially popular when large scale enquiries have to be made. Structured interview involves the use of predetermined questions and standardized techniques of recording. It is difficult to know whether the sample is really representative. 2. Welcome to PsychologyDiscussion.net! Control group provides a base line against which the performance of experimental group can be composed. 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