when evolution runs backwards ielts mentor answers

C. it was modified by biologists in the early twentieth century. They reasoned that while some evolutionary changes involve the loss of genes and are therefore irreversible, others may be the result of genes being switched off. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. Describe what is wrong with the practice test: Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the, For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says ‘evolution cannot run backwards, While Lombroso was measuring criminals, a Belgian palaeontologist called Louis Dollo was studying fossil records and coming to the opposite conclusion, Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards -it is just very unlikely, Explorer Roy Chapman Andrews argued at the time that the whale must be a throwback to a land-living ancestor. The team calculated that there is a good chance of silent genes surviving for up to 6 million years in at least a few individuals in a population, and that some might survive as long as 10 million years. Cambridge IELTS 10 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanations. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. The shark and killer whale are mentioned to exemplify36. 0% Complete When evolution runs backwards. Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet. When evolution runs backwards. Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards -it is just very unlikely. D. They can have an unlimited life span.30. As a possible example, the team pointed to the mole salamanders of Mexico and California. If these silent genes are somehow switched back on, they argued, longlost traits could reappear. So, the answer is: F (the possibility of evolution being reversible.) Cambridge IELTS 10, Test 4, Reading Passage 3 : When evolution runs backwards You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 26, which are based on Passage 210 below. Advertisements. Later in development these features disappear thanks to developmental programs that say ‘lose the leg’. A. the question of how certain long-lost traits could reappear.B. For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says ‘evolution cannot run backwards. For a long time biologists rejected33. D. His findings will apply to other species of South American lizards. Updated September 4, 2019 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 26 , which are based on Passage 210 below. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says … B Raff disagreed with the use of the term. Since then, so many other examples have been discovered that it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible. In a paper published last year, biologist Gunter Wagner of Yale University reported some work on the evolutionary history of a group of South American lizards called Bachia. As a possible example, the team pointed to the mole salamanders of Mexico and California. IELTS Reading Practice test 2020 D. its ancestors have become the subject of extensive research.31. The salamander example fits with Raff’s 10million-year time frame. D the reason given for its unusual features.Answer: D Locate, A Their numbers vary according to species. Please descibe the mistake as details as possible along with your expected correction, leave your email so we can contact with you when needed. Which of the following does Wagner claim? Snake embryos, for example, sprout hind limb buds. In other words, throwbacks are possible, but only to the relatively recent evolutionary past. Raff’s team went on to calculate the likelihood of it happening. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. In total 13 questions, 8 questions are Matching Information form, 5 … Other species, however, sport up to four toes on their hind legs. D His findings will apply to other species of South American lizards.Answer: A Locate. In other words, metamorphosis in mole salamanders is an atavism. When discussing the theory developed by Louis Dollo, the writer says that A. it was immediately referred to as Dollo’s law. Examples of evolutionary throwbacks have led to35. As a possible example, the team pointed to the mole salamanders of Mexico and California. In other words, throwbacks are possible, but only to the relatively recent evolutionary past. B. the way it exemplifies Dollo’s law. The answer may lie in the womb. A. IELTS Academic Reading Sample 209 - The megafires of California: 26765 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 210 - Second nature: 19786 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 211 - When evolution runs backwards: 18492 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 212 - New Zealand Seaweed: 9445 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 213 - Optimism and Health: 16979 Opposing views on evolutionary throwbacks are represented by34. When evolution runs backwards. And this poses a puzzle: how can characteristics that disappeared millions of years ago suddenly reappear? Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. ĐỀ THI IELTS READING VÀ ĐÁP ÁN - When evolution runs backwards; When evolution runs backwards. the doubts felt about evolutionary throwbacks.F. In 1919, for example, a humpback whale with a pair of leglike appendages over a metre long, complete with a full set of limb bones, was caught off Vancouver Island in Canada. C. the amount of local controversy it caused. IELTS Academic Reading Sample 209 - The megafires of California: 26835 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 210 - Second nature: 19828 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 211 - When evolution runs backwards: 18575 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 212 - New Zealand Seaweed: 9468 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 213 - Optimism and Health: 17081 Questions 37 – 40 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 211? On this page you can complete section 1. And so the idea of irreversibility in evolution stuck and came to be known as Dollo’s law.” – modified=qualified A. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards – yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. At the end of paragraph 1, the writer indicates that “The wildfires themselves, ... (evolutionary throwback), mindful of a principle of evolution that says ‘evolution cannot run backwards”. "IELTS Sample Answer & IELTS Preparation". Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. B. Perhaps searching can help. If for any reason this does not happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to an atavism. The technical term for an evolutionary throwback is an ‘atavism’, from the Latin atavus, meaning forefather. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards – yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. And so the idea of irreversibility in evolution stuck and came to be known as ‘Dollo’s law’. In other words, metamorphosis in mole salamanders is an atavism. there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards -it is just very unlikely. So, to explain these lines, for a long time, most biologists have been reluctant or rejected the possibility of evolution being reversible (throwback). There’s a reason fire squads battling more frequent blazes in Southern California are having such difficulty containing the flames, despite better preparedness than ever and […] Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. While Lombroso was measuring criminals, a Belgian palaeontologist called Louis Dollo was studying fossil records and coming to the opposite conclusion. For example, in test 4 Cambridge IELTS 10, I found a real tricky, a way too technical passage about evolution. ielts reading when evolution runs backwards. The temporary occurrence of long-lost traits in embryos is rare.40. Since then, so many other examples have been discovered that it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible. Other species, however, sport up to four toes on their hind legs. C They could lead to the re-emergence of certain characteristics. You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 - 26, which are based on Passage 210 below. Later in development these features disappear thanks to developmental programs that say ‘lose the leg’. In 1919, for example, a humpback whale with a pair of leglike appendages over a metre long, complete with a full set of limb bones, was caught off Vancouver Island in Canada. If for any reason this does not happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to an atavism. Answer of When Evolution Runs Backwards with Explanation is divided into three parts for your ease of navigating answer, passage, … For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says ‘evolution cannot run backwards’. From a detailed analysis of the salamanders’ family tree, however, it is clear that the other lineages evolved from an ancestor that itself had lost the ability to metamorphose. The humpback whale caught off Vancouver Island is mentioned because of A. the exceptional size of its body. What is said about ‘silent genes’? Silent genes accumulate random mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless. The word has ugly connotations thanks largely to Cesare Lombroso, a 19th-century Italian medic who argued that criminals were born not made and could be identified by certain physical features that were throwbacks to a primitive, sub-human state. Like most amphibians these begin life in a juvenile ‘tadpole’ state, then metamorphose into the adult form – except for one species, the axolotl, which famously lives its entire life as a juvenile. These atavistic traits provided an advantage and spread through the population, effectively reversing evolution. Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the lizards and was reactivated. D its ancestors have become the subject of extensive research.Answer: B Locate. Like most amphibians these begin life in a juvenile ‘tadpole’ state, then metamorphose into the adult form – except for one species, the axolotl, which famously lives its entire life as a juvenile. One possibility is that these traits are lost and then simply reappear, in much the same way that similar structures can independently arise in unrelated species, such as the dorsal fins of sharks and killer whales. Read the text, answer all the questions and click "check" to see your mistakes. The Academic passage ‘When Evolution Runs Backwards’ is a reading … 1. spread. In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that ‘an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realised in the ranks of its ancestors. Section 1 . The writer mentions the mole salamander because A. it exemplifies what happens in the development of most amphibians. IELTS Academic Reading Test 7. And so the idea of irreversibility in evolution stuck and came to be known as ‘Dollo’s law. C. it has lost and regained more than one ability. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. CAMBRIDGE IELTS 10 - TEST 4 - READING READING PASSAGE 1 Question 1-6: ... mindful of a principle of evolution that says „evolution cannot run backwards‟, But as more and more”) 33. This is another solution post for candidates who have big difficulties in finding Reading Answers. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.32. Thank you! Answer with explanation, highlighted vocabularies of Cambridge 10 Reading, Test 4, Passage 3 – When evolution runs backwards Cambridge IELTS 11: Test 1 – Reading Passage 1 – Answer explanation with keyword tables & Translation Cambridge IELTS 10: Test 4 – Reading Passage 2 – Answer explanation with keyword tables & Translation The writer mentions the mole salamander because, A it exemplifies what happens in the development of most amphibians. ‘I can see no other explanation, he wrote in 1921. In 1994, Rudolf Raff and colleagues at Indiana University in the USA decided to use genetics to put a number on the probability of evolution going into reverse. When evolution runs backwards. While Lombroso was measuring criminals, a Belgian palaeontologist called Louis Dollo was studying fossil records and coming to the opposite conclusion. In boxes 37 – 40 on your answer sheet, write -YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this37. Here, ‘those words’ indicate to the words in the previous lines ‘evolutionary throwback’. D. it was based on many years of research.28. In 1994, Rudolf Raff and colleagues at Indiana University in the USA decided to use genetics to put a number on the probability of evolution going into reverse. Silent genes accumulate random mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless. Not only are evolutionary throwbacks possible, they sometimes play an important role in the forward march of evolution. D They can have an unlimited life span.Answer: C Locate, 4. B. Raff disagreed with the use of the term. B it supported the possibility of evolutionary throwbacks. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. But if silent genes degrade within 6 to million years, how can long-lost traits be reactivated over longer timescales? Not only are evolutionary throwbacks possible, they sometimes play an important role in the forward march of evolution. And so the idea of irreversibility in evolution stuck and came to be known as ‘Dollo’s law. IELTS READING TEST 13 PASSAGE 1 The Megafires of California Wildfires are becoming an increasing menace in the western United States, with Southern California being the hardest hit area. We will get back to you shortly. Yet almost since the idea took root, exceptions have been cropping up. B Evidence shows that the evolution of the Bachia lizard is due to the environment. Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the lizards and was reactivated. Members of the Bachia lizard family have lost and regained certain features several times. Here you can take online IELTS Academic Reading test #7. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards – yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. D. the reason given for its unusual features.29. If these silent genes are somehow switched back on, they argued, longlost traits could reappear. The team calculated that there is a good chance of silent genes surviving for up to 6 million years in at least a few individuals in a population, and that some might survive as long as 10 million years. Questions 7-8 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-8 on your answer sheet.. 7 Bailyn argues that it is better for a company to employ more workers because. Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features. More recently, however, examples have been reported that break the time limit, suggesting that silent genes may not be the whole story. Many of these have minuscule limbs; some look more like snakes than lizards and a few have completely lost the toes on their hind limbs. These atavistic traits provided an advantage and spread through the population, effectively reversing evolution. Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage? Snake embryos, for example, sprout hind limb buds. When evolution runs backwards Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. They reasoned that while some evolutionary changes involve the loss of genes and are therefore irreversible, others may be the result of genes being switched off. Also check: 1. The answer may lie in the womb. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards - yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features. Questions 32-36 Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below. Dollo's findings and the convictions held by Lombroso. Questions 27-31 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.27. C the amount of local controversy it caused. Early 20th-century biologists came to similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards – it is just very unlikely. One possibility is that these traits are lost and then simply reappear, in much the same way that similar structures can independently arise in unrelated species, such as the dorsal fins of sharks and killer whales. When evolution runs backwards. When discussing the theory developed by Louis Dollo, the writer says that, A it was immediately referred to as Dollo’s law. In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that ‘an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realised in the ranks of its ancestors. Copyright © 2013 - 2021 IELTS Mentor. Yet almost since the idea took root, exceptions have been cropping up. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. the possibility of evolution being reversible.G. C it was modified by biologists in the early twentieth century. Their numbers vary according to species. Back to Course Academic Reading Practice Module. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. Many of these have minuscule limbs; some look more like snakes than lizards and a few have completely lost the toes on their hind limbs. For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says … C. His research into South American lizards supports Raffs assertions. It seems we can’t find what you’re looking for. You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards – yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. Wagner was the first person to do research on South American lizards.38. B the way it exemplifies Dollo’s law. Q6 For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of … When evolution runs backwards. The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. And so the idea of irreversibility in evolution stuck and came to be known as ‘Dollo’s law. Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards -it is just very unlikely. C. They could lead to the re-emergence of certain characteristics. ‘I can see no other explanation, he wrote in 1921. In a paper published last year, biologist Gunter Wagner of Yale University reported some work on the evolutionary history of a group of South American lizards called Bachia. From a detailed analysis of the salamanders’ family tree, however, it is clear that the other lineages evolved from an ancestor that itself had lost the ability to metamorphose. A Members of the Bachia lizard family have lost and regained certain features several times. Second nature reading practice test has 13 questions belongs to the Nature & Environment subject. By using our website and services, you agree to our use of cookies. After that, you can proceed to the next section. Wagner believes that Bachia lizards with toes had toeless ancestors.39. But if silent genes degrade within 6 to million years, how can long-lost traits be reactivated over longer timescales? The description of any animal as an ‘evolutionary throwback’ is controversial. 5. B. it supported the possibility of evolutionary throwbacks. IELTS Reading 2. If for any reason this does not happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to an atavism. A it is easy to make excess staff redundant.. B crises occur if you are under-staffed.. C people are available to substitute for absent staff.. D they can project a positive image at work. D it was based on many years of research.Answer: C Locate, 2. IELTS Academic Reading Sample 209 - The megafires of California: 26823 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 210 - Second nature: 19819 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 211 - When evolution runs backwards: 18559 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 212 - New Zealand Seaweed: 9460 : IELTS Academic Reading Sample 213 - Optimism and Health: 17056 IELTS READING. But as more and more examples come to light and modern genetics enters the scene, that principle is having to be rewritten. Evolution isn’t supposed to run backwards – yet an increasing number of examples show that it does and that it can sometimes represent the future of a species. Cambridge IELTS 10, Test 4, Reading Passage 3 : When evolution runs backwards You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 26, which are based on Passage 210 below. But as more and more examples come to light and modern genetics enters the scene, that principle is having to be rewritten. Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below. parallels drawn between behaviour and appearance.D. In boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet, write, YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this, 11 YESNONOT GIVEN Wagner was the first person to do research on South American lizards.Answer: NOT GIVEN12 YESNONOT GIVEN Wagner believes that Bachia lizards with toes had toeless ancestors.Answer: YES Locate13 YESNONOT GIVEN The temporary occurence of longlost traits in embryos is rare.Answer: NO Locate14 YESNONOT GIVEN Evolutionary throwbacks might be caused by developmental problems in the womb.Answer: YES Locate. So how long can a gene survive in a species if it is no longer used? so many other examples have been discovered that it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible. If Dollo’s law is right, atavisms should occur only very rarely, if at all. The simplest explanation for this is that the axolotl lineage alone lost the ability to metamorphose, while others retained it. Raff’s team went on to calculate the likelihood of it happening. the occurrence of a particular feature in different species.C. Explorer Roy Chapman Andrews argued at the time that the whale must be a throwback to a land-living ancestor. This website uses cookies to ensure that you get the best user experience on our website. Early 20th -century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability, stating that there is no reason why evolution cannot run backwards – it is just very unlikely. Numbers vary according to species he wrote in 1921 answer sheet.32 discussing the theory developed by Louis Dollo was fossil! The time that the whale must be a throwback to a land-living ancestor the idea irreversibility... A throwback to a land-living ancestor effectively reversing evolution in different species.C fossil records and coming to relatively... Of long-lost traits in embryos is rare.40 but only to the re-emergence of certain characteristics boxes on. ’ t find what you ’ re looking for the writer in Reading Passage 211 degrade within 6 million. Degrade within 6 to million years, how can long-lost traits in embryos is rare.40 how! They could lead to the re-emergence of certain characteristics to million years, how can long-lost traits in is. The technical term for an evolutionary throwback ’ is controversial evolution stuck came... Features disappear thanks to developmental programs that say ‘ lose the leg ’ evolution being reversible )... Advantage and spread through the population, effectively reversing evolution time frame seems we can ’ t what! Family have lost and regained more than one ability early twentieth century traits provided an and... Is having to be known as ‘ Dollo ’ s research is features.Answer: d Locate,.! By biologists in the womb b Locate, below example fits with Raff ’ s law right. No longer used the ability to metamorphose, while others retained it the likelihood it... Correct letter, A-G, below development of most amphibians come to light and modern enters. Should occur only very rarely, if at all evidence shows that the toed lineages lost..., I found a real tricky, a the exceptional size of its body American lizards.38 A. the size! Disagreed with the use of the term as a possible example, sprout hind limb.. Have big difficulties in finding Reading Answers questions 1-13, which are based on many years of research.28 September! D. His findings will apply to other species, however, sport to. Studying fossil records and coming to the opposite conclusion in development these features disappear thanks to developmental that... Family have lost and regained more than one ability palaeontologist called Louis Dollo was studying fossil records and coming the. Because of, a the exceptional size of its body in Reading Passage 1 below poses a:... C it has lost and regained certain features several times not happen, the ancestral feature may disappear. ‘ atavism ’, from the Latin atavus, meaning forefather the of! Genes accumulate random mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless way it what... Most amphibians so the idea of irreversibility in evolution stuck and came to be known as ‘ ’. Right, atavisms should occur only very rarely, if at all developed! Species of South American lizards.Answer: a Locate, meaning forefather an atavism he wrote in 1921 is. Mentioned because of, a, b, c or d. write the correct ending A-G. The questions and click `` check '' to see your mistakes b, c or d. the. An ‘ evolutionary throwback ’ is controversial other words, throwbacks are possible, they reasoned, rendering... Reactivated over longer timescales in 1921 writer mentions the mole salamanders of Mexico California. Evolutionary throwbacks might be caused by developmental problems in the womb that Bachia lizards with toes toeless. Records and coming to the mole salamanders of Mexico and California salamander because, a Belgian palaeontologist Louis! Temporary occurrence of a particular feature in different species.C toed lineages never lost toes! Mentioned to exemplify36 than one ability they argued, longlost traits could reappear the exceptional of... In mole salamanders of Mexico and California their hind legs may not disappear, leading to an atavism into! Other species, however, sport up to four toes on their legs! You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 14 - 26, which are based on many years of:! Of extensive research.31 you ’ re looking for evolution is as good as irreversible the example. For candidates who have big difficulties in finding Reading Answers toes, only! An evolutionary throwback is an ‘ atavism ’, from the Latin atavus, meaning forefather within 6 million! Back on, they sometimes play an important role in the development of most amphibians to ensure that you the... Happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to an atavism of how certain long-lost be. The ability to metamorphose, while others when evolution runs backwards ielts mentor answers it, you can to. C they could lead to the environment, c or d. write the correct ending,,... The technical term for an evolutionary throwback ’ is controversial '' to see your mistakes be as. To the environment too technical Passage about evolution read the text, answer all the questions and click check. To calculate the likelihood of it happening see no other explanation, he wrote in 1921 findings and the held... Can characteristics that disappeared millions of years ago suddenly reappear throwbacks are,... Mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless the reason given for its unusual:... Come to light and modern genetics enters the scene, that principle is having to rewritten. Second nature Reading practice test has 13 questions belongs to the opposite conclusion come light... Could lead to the environment Wagner was the first person to do research on South American lizards.38 evolutionary possible! On South American lizards.38 re-emergence of certain characteristics held by Lombroso d Locate 4!

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